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Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279: E124-E131, 2000;
0193-1849/00 $5.00
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Vol. 279, Issue 1, E124-E131, July 2000

Weight loss in postmenopausal obesity: no adverse alterations in body composition and protein metabolism

Dympna Gallagher1, Albert J. Kovera1, Gaynelle Clay-Williams1, Denise Agin1, Patricia Leone1, Jeanine Albu1, Dwight E. Matthews2, and Steven B. Heymsfield1

1 Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025; and 2 Departments of Medicine and Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405

We sought to determine if decrements in the mass of fat-free body mass (FFM) and other lean tissue compartments, and related changes in protein metabolism, are appropriate for weight loss in obese older women. Subjects were 14 healthy weight-stable obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) postmenopausal women >55 yr who participated in a 16-wk, 1,200 kcal/day nutritionally complete diet. Measures at baseline and 16 wk included FFM and appendicular lean soft tissue (LST) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; body cell mass (BCM) by 40K whole body counting; total body water (TBW) by tritium dilution; skeletal muscle (SM) by whole body MRI; and fasting whole body protein metabolism through L-[1-13C]leucine kinetics. Mean weight loss (±SD) was 9.6 ± 3.0 kg (P < 0.0001) or 10.7% of initial body weight. FFM decreased by 2.1 ± 2.6 kg (P = 0.006), or 19.5% of weight loss, and did not differ from that reported (2.3 ± 0.7 kg). Relative losses of SM, LST, TBW, and BCM were consistent with reductions in body weight and FFM. Changes in [13C]leucine flux, oxidation, and synthesis rates were not significant. Follow-up of 11 subjects at 23.7 ± 5.7 mo showed body weight and fat mass to be below baseline values; FFM was nonsignificantly reduced. Weight loss was accompanied by body composition and protein kinetic changes that appear appropriate for the magnitude of body mass change, thus failing to support the concern that diet-induced weight loss in obese postmenopausal women produces disproportionate LST losses.

obesity treatment; skeletal muscle mass


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