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Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979
Because the
effect of exercise on leptin was not established, we controlled energy
intake (I) and exercise energy expenditure (E) to distinguish the
independent effects of energy availability (A = I 
E) and
exercise stress (everything associated with exercise except its energy
cost) on the diurnal leptin rhythm in healthy young women. In random
order, we set A = 45 and 10 kcal · kg lean body
mass
1
(LBM) · day1 for 4 days during the
early follicular phase of separate menstrual cycles in sedentary (S,
n = 7) and exercising (X, n = 9: E = 30 kcal · kg
LBM1 · day1)
women. Low energy availability suppressed the 24-h mean (P < 106) and amplitude (P < 105), whereas exercise stress did not (both P
> 0.2). Suppressions of the 24-h mean (72 ± 3 vs.
53 ± 3%, P < 0.001) and amplitude (85 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 6%, P < 0.001) were more extreme in S vs.
X than previously reported effects on luteinizing hormone pulsatility and carbohydrate availability. Thus the diurnal rhythm of leptin depends on energy, or carbohydrate, availability, not intake, and
exercise has no suppressive effect on the diurnal rhythm of leptin
beyond the impact of its energy cost on energy availability.
luteinizing hormone; pulsatility; reproduction; carbohydrate
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